如果说,个人礼仪的形成和培养需要靠多方的努力才能实现的话,那么个人礼仪修养的提高则关键在于自己. 个人礼仪修养即社会个体以个人礼仪的各项具体规定为标准,努力克服自身不良的行为习惯,不断完善自我的行为活动.从根本上讲,个人礼仪修养就是要求人们通过自身的努力,把良好的礼仪规范标准化作个人的一种自觉自愿的能力行为.今天,强调个人礼仪修养有着极为重要的现实意义.具体表现在：
首先,加强个人礼仪修养有助于提高个人素质,体现自身价值.
“金无足赤,人无完人”是人所共知的.然而现实生活中,人们却都在以各种不同的追求着自身的完美,寻找通向完美的道路.争当“名牌”人,强调“外包装”者有之；注重“脸蛋靓”、在乎“身段好”者也有之,但这些均不足以使人发生美的质变.费时费力费钱财之后,不仍有不少人依然是“败絮其中”吗?我们认为,只有将内在美与外在美统一于一身的人才称得上唯真唯美,才可冠以“完美”二字.加强个人礼仪修养是实现完美的最佳方法,它可以丰富人的内涵,增加人的“含金量”,从而提高自身素质的内在实力,使人们面对纷繁社会时更具勇气,更有信心,进而更充分地实现自我.
其次,加强个人礼仪有助于增进人际交往,营造和谐友善的气氛.
人称个人礼仪是人际交往的“润滑剂”.作为社会的人,我们每天都少不了与他人交往,假如你不能很好与人相处,那么在生活中、事业上就会寸步难行,一事无成.俗话说：“礼多人不怪”.人际交往,贵在有礼.加强个人礼仪修养,处处注重礼仪,恰能使你在社会交往中左右逢源,无往不利；使你在尊敬他人的同时也赢得他人对你的尊敬,从而使人与人之间的关系更趋融洽,使人们的生存环境更为宽松,使人们的交往气氛更加愉快.
第三,加强个人礼仪有助于促进社会文明,加快社会发展进程.
人与社会密不可分,社会是由个人组成的,文明的社会需要文明的成员一起共建,文明的成员则必须要用文明的思想来武装,要靠文明的观念来教化.个人礼仪修养的加强,可以使每位社会成员进一步强化文明意识,端正自身行为,从而促进整个国家和全民族总体文明程度的提高,加快社会的发展.“国家兴亡,匹夫有责”,在改革开放不断深化之际,我们每一位社会公民都有理由以自觉加强自身的品行修养（尤其是礼仪修养）为己任,一同投身于社会主义的两个文明建设之中.
In America,before the coming of guests,the host never serves more than 6 dishes.Sometimes,the dishes prepared for guests are extremely simple.The Americans hope their guests are joyful.Meanwhile,they think that invitation is just an occasion for intercourse,a chance of the maintenance of friendship.And the most important is to get much useful information by entertainment.Influenced by this idea,entertainment in America hardly attach importance to food,but also have various and free ways of entertainment.They create a relaxed,comfortable and delighted air for their guest in a thousand and one ways.They want to make their guest enjoy that good time freely.When the feast starts,the Americans are also warm to guests,urge guests to drink and eat,but only once or twice.They consider saying too much world force their views on others.It does not conform to the way one gets along with people.At last,the Americans like to have some pastries and drink coffee.The coffee spoon is not used to pound the sugar cube into pieces.The spoon is only used to stir the coffee.And do not scoop up coffee dipper and dipper.When people drink coffee,they eat some pastries.They do not take pastry in one hand,and hold coffee in another hand.Drinking does not alternate with eating.Otherwise,people will feel they are greedy.In addition,people do not add sugar to coffee for others.It is impolite to add sugar without knowing others' taste.
On common occasions,the last names are used on the table except when there is more than one guest with the same surname,in which case "Mr.Tom Wolf" and "Mr.Jake Wolf" are written to make the distinction.If there are no place cards,the hostess will tell guests where she would like them to sit.Guests' setting would be arranged with men and women alternating on either side.The host leads the way for the guest.The hostess is always the last to go into the dining room.Men should hold chairs for the women on their right.The male guest of honor,even through he has escorted the hostess' left seat her.Women sit down as soon as they find their place,even through the hostess remains standing everyone is at his or her chair.Men do not sit down until the hostess is seated.When there is more than one table,the host should sit at one table and the hostess at another.A good friend may be asked to act as surrogate host at another table and see that wine is served or plates refilled.Furthermore,husbands and wives are usually separated at a dinner.Since they have the opportunity to talk together all the time,having a different dinner partner offers the chance for comfortable conversation with people other than their own spouses.
In America,When you have finished your meal,place all used utensils onto your plate together,on the right side,pointed up,so the waiter knows you have finished.Do not place used utensils on the table.
Except in a public restaurant,do not ask to take some uneaten food or leftovers home,and never do so when attending a formal dinner.A host may suggest that extra food be taken by the guests,but should not insist.
Leave the napkin on your chair only if leaving temporarily.When you leave the table at the end of the meal,loosely place the used napkin on the table to the left of your plate.
Wait for your host or hostess to rise before getting up from a dinner party table.
Thank your host when leaving a dinner party.
Once dessert,after-dinner coffee,or the equivalent is served,be wary not to overstay your welcome.The party who first wishes to end the event should rise and say something like,"This has been such a nice evening.We hope we can see you again soon."
The Differences Between Chinese and Western Table Manners
Of course,the main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork,but that's only superficial.Besides,in decent restaurants,you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork,if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough.
The real difference is that in the West,you have your own plate of food,while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares.If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you're in the country for the first time,he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.
The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes,to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes.Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice,noodles to dumplings.
If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes,you should say so in good time,for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.
Perhaps one of the things that surprises a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests.In formal dinners,there are always "public" chopsticks and spoons for this purpose,but some hosts may use their own chopsticks.This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness.It is always polite to eat the food.If you do not eat it,just leave the food in the plate.
People in China tend to over-order food,for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed.When you have had enough,just say so.Or you will always overeat!
Chinese table manners of families have no intrinsic quality even there are different region and position.No matter three meals a day or guest鈥檚 arrival,always bowls with chopsticks,food with soup.There is no rule for how to put the tableware.What people care about more are not the gorgeous tableware but the sumptuous food.People鈥檚 dining position reflects the most obvious etiquette of Chinese table manners.In ancient society,men are supreme,and women are not allowed to sit with men on the same table.Although this is modern society,this kind of ancient etiquette still remains.Today in China,the phenomenon that men sit on the table before women can be found everywhere.The master of a family usually sits on the first-class seat.The first-class seat is usually near the interior of a room facing to the door.Once there is a guest,the master will offer the first-class seat to the guest politely.If it is an ordinary meal of family,families should start after the elder.If there is a guest,the master offer the food to the guest is essential from the beginning to the end.And the tradition of urging others to drink is also a special phenomenon.
Even there is no official 鈥渢able manners鈥 in china,while there is 鈥渆ating behavior鈥?Once there is 鈥渆ating behavior鈥?there must be some eating manners up to standard.
Here are some characteristics on Chinese eating:
a.Keep your eyes on the meal,especially at the beginning of the meal.
b.When eating,keep your bodies forward,and face to your food.
c.It is allowed to spit the bone on the tables.
d.When chewing,it is allowed to make some rhythmical noisy of chewing.
e.Traditional Chinese meal doesn鈥檛 need the public chopsticks.
f.Traditional Chinese meal doesn鈥檛 have the sweet snacks after meal.
B.Western countries鈥 table manners
The biggest difference in table manners between Chinese and western is the details of table manners can be as clear as the specifications what can exactly give people correct manners to refer to.
Here are several typical manners what can illustrate the rigor of Western-style food.
a.The western-style food official drinks the soup posture request to enter in advanced the soup with the ladle to oneself far that one side,then to leaves the direction which oneself goes far away to delimit lightly abundantly.
b.When dines in the process,if you need to put down the knife,the edge faces oneself assumes in the plate as 10 o鈥檆lock shape.The tool bit is the hand of a clock,the hilt is the minute hand); the jaw buckles in the edge of a sword,the jaw direction 2 o鈥檆lock.The knife and fork assumes but actually V glyph.But V glyph knife and fork places the tray lower part (to depend on your direction).
c.The knife with forks parallel places in the plate 5 o'clock positions when dines finished.Approximately the knife or forks the total length 1/3 handle department dew in tray edge exterior.The fork downward buckle on the plate,the knife鈥檚 edge faces to you.
d.When eats the bread,must tear down the bread may by an entrance scrap.May not nip directly with the mouth.The butter should in before you put in the mouth.Do not wipe beforehand the entire bread the full butter.
e.The American tableware arrangement is:Center is big plant for the main meal,knife (Altogether three:the sand broach,the main table knife,the fish knife,all knife edges face to left) and spoon in right side.
1 浅析中西方餐桌礼仪存在差异的原因 张文娟 现代商业 2009/04
2 中西方饮食文化差异以及餐桌礼仪的对比 张亚红 边疆经济与文化 2009/04
[1] 王隽.东西方文化差异浅谈[J].云梦学刊 ,2006,(02)
[2] 曾利娟.文化差异对跨文化交际的影响[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ,2001,(05)
[3] 高凤霞.跨文化交际中的文化差异[J].商丘职业技术学院学报 ,2005,(01)
[4] 肖利华.文化差异解读在跨文化交际中的地位和作用[J].湖南行政学院学报 ,2003,(02)
[5] 屈虹.略论跨文化交际中的文化差异现象[J].郴州师范高等专科学校学报 ,2000,(01)
[6] 赵东.文化差异与跨文化交际能力的培养[J].华北煤炭医学院学报 ,2005,(03)
[7] 刘淑芳.跨文化交际与英语教学[J].湘潭大学社会科学学报 ,2001,(02)
[8] 曾利娟.文化与外语教学[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版) ,2001,(02)
[9] 潘克,唐祥金.跨文化交际能力与深层的文化差异[J].保定师范专科学校学报 ,2007,(02)
[10] 王红丽.文化差异与大学生跨文化交际能力的培养[J].河南财政税务高等专科学校学报 ,2004,(04)
985免费论文网友情提示：本网站所有内容为共享上传提供，仅限学习分享，如产生版权问题，请联系我们及时删除！
Copyright © www.csmayi.cn Corporation, All Rights Reserved 共享时代 共享你我他 版权所有
